![]() As they read, they may mentally revise their prediction as they gain more information. When students make predictions about the text they are about to read, it sets up expectations based on their prior knowledge about similar topics. This provides a framework for any new information they read. When students preview text, they tap into what they already know that will help them to understand the text they are about to read. The key comprehension strategies are described below. In order to learn comprehension strategies, students need modeling, practice, and feedback. They listen to the words, see the pictures in the book, and may start to associate the words on the page with the words they are hearing and the ideas they represent. The process of comprehending text begins before children can read, when someone reads a picture book to them. Strategies for reading comprehension in Read Naturally programs General Strategies for Reading Comprehension ![]() In order to read with comprehension, developing readers must be able to read with some proficiency and then receive explicit instruction in reading comprehension strategies (Tierney, 1982). Rather than passively reading text, readers must analyze it, internalize it and make it their own. The process of comprehension is both interactive and strategic. Experienced readers take this for granted and may not appreciate the reading comprehension skills required. Student's Guide to Read Naturally Live-EspañolĬomprehension, or extracting meaning from what you read, is the ultimate goal of reading.Student's Guide to One Minute Reader Live.If an existing, yet-unvisited element of the array is changed by callbackFn, its value passed to the callbackFn will be the value at the time that element gets visited.Changes to already-visited indexes do not cause callbackFn to be invoked on them again.callbackFn will not visit any elements added beyond the array's initial length when the call to reduce() began.Note, however, that the length of the array is saved before the first invocation of callbackFn. Reduce() does not mutate the array on which it is called, but the function provided as callbackFn can. If you decided to mutate the accumulator instead of copying it, remember to still return the modified object in the callback, or the next iteration will receive undefined. This convention propagates to JavaScript's reduce(): you should use spreading or other copying methods where possible to create new arrays and objects as the accumulator, rather than mutating the existing one. Reduce() is a central concept in functional programming, where it's not possible to mutate any value, so in order to accumulate all values in an array, one must return a new accumulator value on every iteration. ![]() callbackFn is always called with undefined as this, which gets substituted with globalThis if callbackFn is non-strict. ![]() Unlike other iterative methods, reduce() does not accept a thisArg argument. It is not invoked for empty slots in sparse arrays. The final value of accumulator (which is the value returned from callbackFn on the final iteration of the array) becomes the return value of reduce().ĬallbackFn is invoked only for array indexes which have assigned values. Every time, the return value of callbackFn is passed into callbackFn again on next invocation as accumulator. It runs a "reducer" callback function over all elements in the array, in ascending-index order, and accumulates them into a single value. The reduce() method is an iterative method. In this case, if the array is empty (so that there's no first value to return as accumulator), an error is thrown. If initialValue is not specified, accumulator is initialized to the first value in the array, and callbackFn starts executing with the second value in the array as currentValue. If initialValue is specified, callbackFn starts executing with the first value in the array as currentValue. initialValue OptionalĪ value to which accumulator is initialized the first time the callback is called. On the first call, its value is 0 if initialValue is specified, otherwise 1. The index position of currentValue in the array. On the first call, its value is array if initialValue is specified otherwise its value is array. On the first call, its value is initialValue if the latter is specified otherwise its value is array. The value resulting from the previous call to callbackFn. The function is called with the following arguments: accumulator For the last invocation, the return value becomes the return value of reduce(). Its return value becomes the value of the accumulator parameter on the next invocation of callbackFn. ()Ī function to execute for each element in the array.Object.prototype._lookupSetter_() Deprecated.Object.prototype._lookupGetter_() Deprecated.Object.prototype._defineSetter_() Deprecated.Object.prototype._defineGetter_() Deprecated.
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